TOP 4 THINGS TO DO FOR PREVENTING HEART SYNDROME

American Heart Association

Nearly 90% of American adults qualify for a newly defined syndrome that connects heart disease, kidney disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. This condition, known as cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, can be prevented by focusing on four key health factors according to the American Heart Association.

These four critical factors—blood pressure, cholesterol levels, body weight and blood sugar—are components of the Association’s Life’s Essential 8™ framework. While commonly associated with heart health, these metrics are equally important for kidney function and metabolic health, which refers to how effectively the body processes energy.
CKM syndrome highlights the interconnectedness of bodily systems. When one area experiences problems, it affects others, increasing risk across multiple conditions including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, diabetes and obesity.

“The concept of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health reinforces how the four health factors are related to each other and how a holistic approach is needed for optimal health,” explains Dr. Sadiya S. Khan, an American Heart Association volunteer and Northwestern School of Medicine professor. She notes that this builds on the Association’s Life’s Essential 8 framework, which includes not only these four health factors but also four health behaviors: healthy eating, physical activity, avoiding tobacco and healthy sleep.

Consider the following ways the four health factors are linked to CKM syndrome, and ways to keep them under control.

1. BLOOD PRESSURE MANAGEMENT

High blood pressure (hypertension) occurs when blood exerts excessive force against blood vessel walls. This condition is a primary contributor to heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Because high blood pressure typically presents no symptoms, regular blood pressure measurements are essential for detection. A reading below 120/80 indicates healthy blood pressure. If your reading reaches or exceeds 130/80, consult a healthcare provider about evaluating other health metrics as well.

Dietary modifications can effectively help reduce blood pressure. The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan has been scientifically proven to lower blood pressure. This approach emphasizes foods low in fat while incorporating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products. Additionally, decreasing alcohol consumption can help bring blood pressure down to healthier levels.

2. CHOLESTEROL MANAGEMENT

3. BODY WEIGHT

Body mass index (BMI), which calculates weight in proportion to height, serves as one indicator of a healthy weight. Equally important is how weight is distributed throughout your body. Carrying excess weight around your midsection increases your risk for several serious conditions, including heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, and diabetes.

The threshold for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome begins at a BMI of 25 or higher, combined with a waist measurement of at least 35 inches (88 cm) for women or 40 inches (102 cm) for men.

Achieving and maintaining a healthy weight starts with establishing achievable goals. For success, focus on understanding your eating patterns and motivations, controlling portion sizes, choosing healthier snack alternatives, and incorporating regular physical activity into your routine.

4. BLOOD SUGAR

Elevated blood sugar can lead to diabetes, which progressively damages kidney function. Diabetes stands as the primary cause of kidney disease while simultaneously increasing heart attack and stroke risk.

Blood sugar monitoring involves two key measurements: the fasting blood glucose test (which measures immediate blood sugar levels) and the A1C test (which reflects long-term blood sugar control). Healthy ranges include a fasting blood glucose between 70-99 mg/dL and an A1C below 5.7%. When fasting blood glucose exceeds 125 mg/dL or A1C reaches 6.5% or higher, this indicates diabetes.

The lifestyle habits that help control blood pressure, maintain healthy weight, and manage cholesterol also effectively regulate blood sugar levels. These preventive measures are particularly crucial for individuals with diabetes in their family history.

In July 2024, the American Heart Association launched the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health Initiative with support from Novo Nordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim to enhance awareness, education, and treatment for CKM syndrome.
This initiative will be deployed across 15 U.S. regions, beginning with 150 healthcare facilities, with the potential to benefit more than 250,000 patients.

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